Transmission of HIV from an infected mother to her child can occur during pregnancy, during labour or after delivery through breastfeeding. The risk of mother-to-child transmission can be reduced by the following:

• Treatment with antiretroviral drugs
• Caesarian section
• Avoiding breastfeeding, but only when replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe. If not, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months.